What term refers to the biological process where organisms convert light energy into chemical energy?

• A. Respiration
• B. Photosynthesis
• C. Decomposition
• D. Fermentation

Answer: (B)

The biological process in which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy is known as photosynthesis. This process primarily occurs in plants, algae, and certain bacteria, allowing them to capture sunlight using pigments like chlorophyll. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil are transformed into glucose and oxygen, with the glucose serving as a chemical energy source for the organism and other organisms in the ecosystem.

Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth as it provides not only the energy source for primary producers but also the oxygen necessary for the survival of most living organisms. This process represents the foundation of the food chain and plays a vital role in the carbon cycle.